Phonics instruction is
teaching children how to understand different letter-sound relationships. One
skill to teach phonics can be through decoding. This process helps identify and
therefore understand a word, through knowing the letters that make up this
word. A decoding lesson could occur in a guided reading lesson facilitated through
teacher-directed instruction, focusing on letter-sound building skills.
Phonics
instruction fits into a literacy program through different activities such as a
read aloud. This process allows the students to hear the correct relationships
of sounds and letters come together to pronounce a word correctly that was just
read aloud by the teacher. Phonics can also be taught through shared reading.
Teachers can utilize alphabet books, for instance, to emphasize the sound of
each letter while also putting those letters together to make words. When a
student observes a modeling explanation of how to say all the letter sounds in
a word to make up that one word, they are more likely to understand the
process. This is why guided reading is one of the most vital activities for phonics
instruction.
This
is when a teacher can model how to sound out a word, for instance, using a
letter-box lessons of sight words on a leveled reader for the student. The teacher
will model the concept, guide the student in a practice and then allow independent
work while the teacher observes. Through utilizing manipulatives to teach the student
what each letters sound is and then how placing in them order, and sliding down
the row (an arrow moving to the right or an actual “slide” picture) helps teach
the student these letter-sound relationships. You could teach phonics during
large group work, mainly by displaying proper techniques of sounding out words.
It could also be taught in more smaller, private, conference like setting or
through a private guided reading lesson so that the teacher can see one-on-one
if a child is understanding this process or not.
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